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English · Phonics & Spelling

From first words to grammar

Phonics is where reading and writing begin: understanding how letters (or groups of letters) make sounds lets you decode and spell new words. From there, English grows into vocabulary — compound words, prefixes, synonyms — and finally grammar — sentence structure, tenses, active and passive voice. Each stage builds directly on the last.

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Why it matters

Every book you read, message you type, and sentence you write rests on these skills. Phonics makes reading and spelling easier; vocabulary lets you express ideas precisely; grammar makes sure those ideas are understood exactly as you intend.

Key concepts

Phonics (Grades 1–3)

CVC words, consonant digraphs (SH, CH, TH) and blends (FR, CR, DR) connect written letters to spoken sounds.

Vocabulary (Grades 4–5)

Compound words, prefixes & suffixes, synonyms, antonyms and homophones grow your word bank and precision.

Grammar (Grades 6–8)

Parts of speech, sentence building, tenses, and active/passive voice shape how sentences are constructed and understood.

Vocabulary in Context

The strongest readers don't just know word lists — they can tell what a word means from how it's used in a sentence.

How it works

Sound it out

Break words down into their individual sounds (phonemes), then blend them back together to read and write them.

Words grow from parts

Compound words join two whole words (SUN+FLOWER); prefixes and suffixes change meaning by attaching to a root (UN+HAPPY, TEACH+ER).

Sentences follow structure

Every sentence has a subject, a verb, and often an object. Knowing these roles — and how tense and voice change them — is what grammar is really about.

See it in the real world

Reading your favorite storybooksWriting letters and cards to friendsTexting and messaging on phonesWriting clear, well-structured school essaysUnderstanding instructions and comprehension passages
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